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The fume hood is an important safety equipment in the laboratory, which is mainly used to protect the experimental personnel and prevent the harmful gases, vapors, dust and other pollutants generated during the experiment from spreading into the laboratory environment.
1. Structure and composition
① Cabinet body
The cabinet of the fume hood is usually made of stainless steel, cold-rolled steel plate and other metal materials, which has good corrosion resistance and strength. The surface of the cabinet is specially treated, such as spraying, electroplating, etc., to improve its beauty and durability.
Cabinets usually have multiple partitions that can be used to house laboratory supplies and equipment. The height of the partition can be adjusted as needed to accommodate experimental items of different sizes.
② Desktop
The ventilation counter surface is generally made of corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and easy to clean materials, such as psychological board and epoxy resin board. The design of the table should consider the convenience and safety of the experimental operation, and usually has a certain inclination to facilitate the discharge of liquid. The edge of the counter is usually fitted with a water stopper to prevent liquid from spilling over the cabinet.
③ Ventilation system
The ventilation system of the fume hood is mainly composed of fans, air ducts, filters, etc. The fan is the core component of the ventilation system, responsible for drawing laboratory air into the fume hood, filtering it through filters, and then discharging it outside.
Ventilation ducts usually use round or rectangular metal pipes to connect the fume hood to the fan. The design of the air duct should consider the smoothness of the air flow and minimize the resistance to improve the ventilation efficiency.
Filters are an important part of the ventilation system and are used to filter harmful gases, vapors, dust and other pollutants from the air. The type and performance of the filter should be selected according to the needs of the experiment. Common filters include activated carbon filters, high efficiency air filters, etc.
④ Control system
Fume hood control systems usually include fan control, lighting control and airflow monitoring functions. Fan control can adjust the fan speed to meet the ventilation requirements under different experimental conditions. The lighting control can adjust the brightness of the lighting in the fume hood, which is convenient for experimental operation. Airflow monitoring can monitor the airflow speed and direction in the fume hood in real time to ensure the normal operation of the ventilation system.
The control system is usually controlled by touch screen or button, and the operation is simple and convenient. Some high-end fume hoods are also equipped with intelligent control systems that enable remote monitoring.
2. Working principle
The working principle of the fume hood is to breathe the air in the laboratory through the fan, filter it through the filter, and then discharge it to the outside, forming a negative pressure environment to prevent the harmful gases, steam, dust and other pollutants generated during the experiment from spreading into the laboratory environment.
In fume hoods, air flow is usually laminar or turbulent. Laminar flow means that the air flows in the form of parallel flow lines, with uniform speed and stable airflow, which is conducive to the rapid discharge of pollutants from the fume hood. Turbulence means that the air flows in the form of irregular streamline, the speed is not uniform, the airflow is unstable, and it is easy to produce eddy currents and turbulence, making it difficult for the fume hood to quickly discharge pollutants.
In order to improve the ventilation efficiency of the fume hood, an exhaust hood is usually installed on the top or side of the fume hood to collect harmful gases, steam, dust and other pollutants generated during the experiment, and then discharged to the outside through the air duct. The shape and size of the exhaust hood should be designed according to the experimental requirements to ensure effective collection of pollutants.
3. use precautions
① Installation position
The fume hood should be installed in a well-ventilated area away from doors and Windows to avoid being affected by external airflow. At the same time, the installation position of the fume hood should be convenient for experimental operation and maintenance.
The installation height of the fume hood should be adjusted according to the height and operating habits of the experimenter. In general, the height of the fume hood operating table should be lower than the experimenter's elbow for easy operation.
② Operating standards
Before using the fume hood, check that the ventilation system is working properly and that the filter needs to be replaced. At the same time, laboratory supplies and equipment should be placed in the appropriate position in the fume hood to avoid affecting the airflow.
During the experiment, the fume hood door should be kept closed to prevent harmful gases, steam, dust and other pollutants from spreading into the laboratory environment. At the same time, violent chemical reactions or experiments that generate a lot of heat in the fume hood should be avoided to avoid affecting the normal operation of the ventilation system.
After the end of the experiment, the experimental supplies and equipment in the fume hood should be cleaned in time, the ventilation system should be closed, and the fume hood should be cleaned and disinfected.
③ Maintenance and maintenance
Check ventilation systems, filters, control systems, and other components of fume hoods regularly to ensure they are working properly. If there is a fault, it should be repaired or replaced in time.
Replace the filter of the fume hood regularly to ensure the filtration effect of the ventilation system. The replacement cycle of the filter should be determined according to the experimental requirements and the performance of the filter. In general, the replacement cycle of activated carbon filters is 3-6 months, and the replacement cycle of HEPA filters is 1-2 years.
Clean and disinfect the fume hood regularly to keep it clean and hygienic. Special cleaners and disinfectants should be used for cleaning and disinfection, and corrosive or irritating substances should be avoided.
In short, fume hoods are important safety equipment in laboratories. Proper use and maintenance of fume hoods can effectively protect the health and safety of laboratory personnel and improve the accuracy and reliability of experiments.
Suzhou Pharma Machinery Co.,Ltd.
2024/09/25
Alice