Biological laboratory ventilation and air conditioning system form
Biological laboratory ventilation and air conditioning system form
The ventilation and air-conditioning system is one of the important technical measures to realize the protection function of the biosafety laboratory. Since the first and second-level biosafety laboratories do not have very special requirements for the ventilation and air-conditioning system (except for the enhanced second-level biosafety laboratory) , Biosafety Laboratory to communicate...
Text label: laboratory ventilation engineering, laboratory ventilation system, biological laboratory ventilation design
Biological laboratory ventilation and air conditioning system form
The ventilation and air-conditioning system is one of the important technical measures to realize the protection function of the biosafety laboratory. Since the first and second-level biosafety laboratories do not have very special requirements for the ventilation and air-conditioning system (except for the enhanced second-level biosafety laboratory) , What are the requirements for the design of ventilation and air conditioning systems in biosafety laboratories? The four basic principles of ventilation and air conditioning system design for high-level biosafety laboratories are:
(1) Adopt a fresh air system, that is, all the supply air is taken from the outside, and the indoor air is directly discharged to the outside, and is no longer recycled;
(2) Exhaust treatment, that is, it must be filtered by a high-efficiency filter and discharged;
(3) The indoor airflow in the protection area has a reasonable airflow organization, that is, to ensure that the indoor airflow flows from the clean area to the polluted area;
(4) The indoor pressure is lower than the outdoor pressure, that is, the protection zone presents an absolute negative pressure state.
The form of ventilation and air conditioning system of biological laboratory is as follows:
1. New wind problem
The second-level biosafety laboratory can use an air-conditioning system with circulating air. If chemical solvents are involved, a full exhaust system should be used. The third and fourth-level biosafety laboratories should use a fresh air system, and supply and exhaust air Airtight valves should be installed in the main pipe, and ordinary fan coil units or room air conditioners should not be installed in the protection zone. Animal biosafety laboratories should also meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard 'Experimental Animal Environment and Facilities' GB14925.
2. Centralized or Decentralized Issues
Ventilation and air conditioning system is one of the important technical measures to realize the protection function of biosafety laboratory. The division of the system should be determined after technical and economic comparison according to the plane layout of the operating objects. Effective measures should be taken to avoid pollution and air-conditioning purification. The division of the system should be conducive to the setting of the automatic control system and the energy-saving operation.
First of all, high-level biosafety laboratories are often equipped with local exhaust equipment such as biosafety cabinets, independent ventilation cages (IVC), and animal isolators. Are these exhaust equipment shared with the room in the protection area? The exhaust system is a problem; secondly, when the laboratory area is large, that is, when there are multiple main laboratories (especially when there are multiple sets of main laboratories, and the personnel logistics routes of each main laboratory are relatively independent), Whether the entire laboratory area shares a set of air supply and exhaust system is another issue worthy of attention.
Faced with the above two problems, the proposed design is:
1. The ventilation equipment in the laboratory should share an exhaust system with the room where it is located
The purpose of this design is to 'maintain the negative pressure of the experimental room as much as possible at all times, and maintain the negative pressure of the biological safety cabinet relative to the experimental room'. However, this principle is not adopted in some of the established biosafety laboratories. The representative principle of the purification and air conditioning system in these laboratories is shown in the figure below, that is, the air supply of the entire laboratory area is a set of systems, and the biosafety A separate system is used for the exhaust of experimental equipment such as cabinets, and another system is used for room exhaust.
The purification air-conditioning system shown in the picture has two shortcomings:
(1) In addition to the room exhaust system that needs to be equipped with two exhaust fans, one for use and one for standby, the exhaust system of experimental equipment such as biological safety cabinets also needs to be equipped with two exhaust fans for one use and one for backup, which not only increases the initial investment, but also The installation of the exhaust fan also takes up space.
(2) It is necessary to ensure the reliable operation of the exhaust system of the biological safety cabinet and other experimental equipment, and to ensure the interlock control of the start and stop of the two sets of exhaust systems (the experimental equipment is turned on and off first than the clean room modular exhaust system), otherwise there will be biological It is possible that the air in the experimental equipment such as the safety cabinet is drawn into the room, which complicates the automatic control system and increases the cost of the automatic control project. Zhongjing Global Purification can provide consulting, planning, design, construction, installation and transformation of biological laboratories and animal laboratories and other supporting services.
Therefore, the recommended air supply and exhaust scheme is that the ventilation equipment in the laboratory and the room where they are located share an exhaust system, as shown in Figure 6.1.1.2-2.
2. When the laboratory area is large, the air supply and exhaust system should be divided into functional areas
This design means that when the laboratory area is large, an independent air supply and exhaust system is set up in the auxiliary work area, and one or several independent air supply and exhaust systems are installed in the protection area.
The air volume of each air supply and exhaust system should not be too large (generally not more than 20000m3/h), otherwise the air treatment equipment will be too large, the noise will be large, the air supply and return pipes will be large, occupy a large space and area, and the use will be inflexible.
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